Relevant case law

Child's exposure, in in the context of custody procedures, to a different ethnic and religious background from that of the family of origin

Ex officio removal of the noble prefix “von” and the right to the name. Violation of Art. 8 ECHR

Hate speech on the internet with discriminatory content against homosexual people. No violation of right to an effective remedy

Concepts of “third country” and “third State” in EU law

Grants reserved for confessional schools managed by Churches and associations recognized as legal entities within a Member State other than that of the applicant

Discrimination against a lawyer for using an official variant of the Serbian language in a criminal proceeding

Repeated ill-treatment by prison officers as part of systematic and systemic abuse amount to inhuman and degrading treatment under article 3

Criteria and modalities for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection submitted by a third-state national

Anti-terrorism law and individual evangelism

Right to property and registration of an old synagogue

Violation of the right to private life and the right to study caused by the illegal and arbitrary withdrawal of passports from some university researchers

Discrimination of Roma pupil on account of segregation in a State-run primary school attended almost exclusively by Roma children

Municipal elections and maximum number of electoral mandate

Dismissal of the appeal filed by a Moroccan national expelled from the Netherlands due to the imposition of criminal convictions. Failure to violate the right to respect for private and family life

Administrative detention in partial isolation in a closed center for aliens pending removal due to risk to public order and national security. Conditions of detention and violation of Articles 5 and 3 ECHR

Religious freedom and personal data collecting during door-to-door preaching without data subjects’ consent

Homophobic hate speech against the LGBTI community by high-ranking politicians. Violation of prohibition of discrimination and right to respect for private life

Sunday rest and roster workers. Notion of "undue hardship" for the employer and reasonable accommodation of the worker's religious demands.

Inability to freely exercise active electoral rights due to a combination of territorial and ethnic requirements

Gestation by others and filiation relationship

Ban on wearing abaya in schools

Violent physical attacks and homophobic hate speech against members of the LGBT community

Placement of an unaccompanied minor migrant in a reception center for adults

Discrimination in the enjoyment of the right to education because of the increase of subjects to be taught in the national official language in public schools

Cemetery of a religious community and prerequisites for usucaption

Violation of Article 3 of Protocol No. 1 ECHR due to the applicants' inability to vote in two parliamentary elections for the Bulgarian Parliament as convicted prisoners

Refusal to convert Catholic religious education teachers' employment contract to a permanent contract

Conviction for spitting on a photograph of President Putin. Violation of article 10 for incompatibility with lawfulness requirement

Legality of a disciplinary transfer by the employer following the refusal of a Hindu believer to work in a Christian cemetery

Inhuman and degrading treatment. Imprisonment for two years of a person suffering from bipolar disorder without any therapeutic strategy of taking charge of his mental illness

Offensive and racist cartoon against the Jewish community. Denial of the Holocaust and awful interference with freedom of expression

Deprivation of the right to vote following a partial protection order due to mental disability

Evocation of a link between the conducts of the Israeli authorities and Nazi Germany as an act of hate speech in violation of Article 10 of the Equality Act

Searches in the houses of Jehovah's Witnesses and in the prayer room owned by a local religious organisation of Jehovah's Witnesses with seizure of related religious literature considered extremist

Culturally motivated crimes: use of minors in begging, respect for human rights and protection of minors

Counter-terrorism operations, extraordinary renditions, State secrets privilege and torture.

State secrets privilege, surveillance, counter-terrorism operations and alleged discrimination based on religion

Commemorative event for the fallen of the Italian Social Republic and danger of re-establishment of the dissolved fascist party

Exclusion of non-EU foreigners not in possession of a residence permit from state benefits

Municipal elections and gender equality

COVID-19 pandemic and ban on public meetings for two and a half months: criminal sanctions in case of violation and violation of Art. 11 ECHR

Equal salary for temporary religious education teachers compared to tenured teachers

Imprisonment of a person suffering from serious visual impairment. No violation of the prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment

Withdrawal of a broadcasting licence after the repeated breach of the statutory requirement to ensure political pluralism in the media

Terrorism, foreign Fighters and Islamic State: conviction of a Swiss woman

Extradition on ethnic grounds, prohibition of torture and prohibition of discrimination

Raising of religious flags on public buildings and freedom of expression

Violation of the right to respect for private and family life as a result of polluting emissions from a steel plant (ILVA)

Homophobic attacks and hate crimes against a member of the LGBT community. Violation of prohibition of discrimination and prohibition of inhuman and degrading treatment

Religious upbringing of the minor. It does not violate article 14 of the ECHR, in conjunction with article 8, the prohibition imposed on the parent, during the custody trial, to refrain from involving the daughter in functions and practices of his religion

Treatment of Jehovah's organizations within the Russian Federation and violations of the European Convention on Human Rights

European citizenship, BREXIT and exercise of electoral rights

Adjustment of family allowances and tax benefits granted to workers according to the State of residence of their children

French laïcité, public services and use of "burkini" in municipal swimming pools

Non-renewal of an employment contract and free excercise of religion at school; prayers delivered by a coach on a football field

Violation of Article 8 of the ECHR and unequal treatment between the mother and the biological father not joined in marriage when the biological father is not granted the right to exercise parental responsibility

Religious education in public schools in Northern Ireland. Violation of parents' right to respect for their religious beliefs in the education of their children

Infringement proceedings against Turkey for failure to abide by ECtHR’s final judgment explicitly indicating applicant’s immediate release

Compensation for (non-pecuniary) damage awarded to an unaccompanied minor due to the non-application of the principle of presumption of minority

Activist fined for a demonstration without prior notice. Unlawful interference with freedom of expression

Alleged death threats made to rape victim by her abuser. Violation of Article 3 ECHR in respect of the lack of an effective investigation

Celebrity's religious opinions and blasphemy conviction

Dual citizenship and passive suffrage

Freedom to manifest religious belief. Refusal, due to the Covid-19 pandemic, to allow an incarcerated person to participate in his church's worship outside the prison

The prohibition on wearing the Islamic headscarf imposed on a worker in a (private) company does not constitute direct discrimination based on religion

Racial profiling by police during identity check on a street. No violation of Article 14 read in conjunction with Article 8 ECHR

Conviction of an activist for sexual exhibition inside a Catholic church to denounce its position on abortion. Violation of freedom of expression

Exposure of the child to religious proselytism by the foster family. Violation of religious freedom

Pre-trial detention of a pro-Kurdish political party representatives during their time as members of Parliament

Freedom of religion and refusal to allow the plaintiffs to proceed with the funeral of their sons in their home country

Right to free elections and national minorities

Refusal to register a Unification Church religious community as a legal entity due to its misleading name

Abortions and birth-control measures imposed on women with intellectual disabilities residents in a neuropsychiatric asylum without their consent. Inhuman and degrading treatment under article 3 ECHR

Freedom of expression. Unsuitability to teach due to links with far-right movements

Establishment of "buffer zones" outside hospitals and ban on anti-abortion demonstrations

School segregation of students of Roma origin. Violation of the prohibition of non-discrimination and the right to education

Criminal conviction of journalist who, during a television broadcast, uttered discriminatory expressions against the French Islamic community. No violation of the art. 10 ECHR.

Denial to a woman belonging to the Roma community of the right to visit her niece entrusted to social services, despite the authorisation granted by the court

Discrimination through the adoption of an administrative act

Prohibition imposed by an employer on his employee from wearing the Islamic veil in the work place

Revocation of citizenship and consequent expulsion for terrorism-related crimes. Possibility to re-enter the United Kingdom in order to have a fair trial.

Right to be elected and requirements for participating in elections

Compulsory vaccination against nine pediatric infectious diseases, respect for private life and non-violation of art. 8 ECHR

Dismissal of a worker for refusing to remove the Islamic headscarf in the workplace

Conviction for sharing content online within a small social-media group with intent to incite violence against non-Russian ethnicities. Proportionate interference to protect the rights of others

Legal relevance of kafala system in relation to the crime of facilitating illegal immigration

Assenza di discriminazione delle coppie omosessuali escluse, come potenziali famiglie affidatarie, dall’attività di collocamento di minori da parte di un ente cattolico

Prohibition imposed by a company on its employees from wearing in the workplace conspicuous signs of political, ideological or religious beliefs

Freedom of movement, surveillance mechanism and prevention of terrorism

Culturally motivated crimes, "bride price" and absence of exculpatory value of cultural factors

Freedom of expression and pluralism of information in the television sector. Political associations and right to freedom to impart political opinions and ideas in the media outside election periods

Legislation of a Member State that excludes third-country nationals holding a single work permit from receiving birth or maternity allowances

Facebook users’ liability for hateful comments published by third parties. Lawful interference with freedom of expression

The display of the crucifix in the classrooms of public schools is legiDisplay of crucifixes in public school classrooms at the request of members of the school community, "reasonable accommodation" and respect for dissenting opinionstimate, if requested by members of the school community and as long as it respects the method of a "reasonable accommodation" in relation to any dissenting opinion

Inexistence of the prohibition of bis in idem in relations between State and canonical jurisdiction

Suspension from the office of mayor for those who have been convicted of certain offences

Automatic assignment of paternal surname preceding maternal surname in naming of child and gender-based discrimination

Failure to hire a teacher by a Catholic educational institution due to her sexual orientation

Recognition of the refugee status to a minor to maintain family unity

Pastafarianism and carrying of religious symbols in pictures on identity documents. Seriousness and cohesion of belief under Article 9 ECHR

Obligation for Member States to ensure that suspects and defendants receive interpretation and translation of such quality that they can understand the charges against them

Terrorism, national security and due process: the case of French citizens detained in Guantanamo

Right to be forgotten, freedom of the press and obligation to de-index published material

Freedom of expression and unjustified conviction for spray-painting a monument connected to communist regime in the context of political protest

A custody order that does not take into account the wishes of the biological mother to place the child with a foster family in line with the child's religious identity violates Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights

Ban on the circulation of their publications, denial of registration of an association as a religious organization and its subsequent compulsory dissolution. Violation of Articles 10 and 11 of the Convention, read in the light of Article 9.

Disability and discrimination in access to intensive care in case of lack of resources

Refusal to register a political party whose programme and constitution did not dissociate from the former Romanian Communist Party

Disqualification for a fixed period of certain administrators colluding with organised crime

Hate speech on the internet with discriminatory content against homosexual people. Violation of right to an effective remedy

Conflict between freedom of education and respect for the conscience of pupils: referral to the United Sections of the question relating to the display of the crucifix

Limits to ritual slaughter and compatibility with EU law

Exclusion of a member of the Turkish Parliament from parliamentary work due to his prolonged pre-trial detention without sufficient justification: the ECHR on parliamentary immunity