Finnish Supreme Court, 2025:102, 12 December 2025

Determination of the child's habitual residence for the purposes of the 1980 Hague Convention on International Child Abduction. Irrelevance of parental agreements concerning the detemrination of the child's habitual residence

Art. 5 Hague Convention of 25 October 1980 on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction

For the purposes of the application of the Hague Convention of 25 October 1980, a child's habitual residence constitutes a factual notion, to be determined on the basis of objective elements relating to the effective centre of the child's family and social life, and cannot be inferred from parental agreements concerning the child's future place of residence.